Things You Wont Like About Dissertation Abstract and Things You Will

Things You Won't Like About Dissertation Abstract and Things You Will A thesis is going to be designed with your precise instructions. Completing a dissertation from scratch is a tremendous undertaking. When you purchase a custom M.Phil. There are several minute details that should be taken into consideration when you want to produce a well-structured dissertation. Dissertation Abstract: the Ultimate Convenience! Well, whenever you have completely finished your work, from time to time, it is simpler to create generalized content and to highlight key difficulties. There are two primary forms of dissertations, based on the subject you're going to discuss. In some instances, any methods you use will be able to help you speak about your topic in further detail. Cooperating with them, you will not just steer clear of stress, but also acquire the maximum quality of content possible. 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Female Genital Mutilation And Human Rights Violations

When a human rights violation occurs, the violated individual is deprived of his or her basic freedoms—the right to life, liberty, and security. When individuals experience human rights violations it is not of their own volition. An individual does not choose to partake in the wrongdoing and thus did not give explicit permission or consent to the practice. While the concept of consent is a fundamental principle in western societies, all communities and people are vulnerable to human rights violations. No individual, regardless of his or her society’s level of development or an element of his or her individual identity— socioeconomic status, ability, nationality, race, religion, gender, or sexuality—is immune. However, certain groups of people are more likely to experience human rights violations than others. Even today, many societies still stereotype women as weak or inferior beings. Due to this stigmatization, women are more likely to suffer limitations of their human rights. Such violations include female genital cutting (FGC), also referred to as female genital mutilation, the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia and human trafficking. There are four types of FGC— clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation, and other miscellaneous mutilations (Refworld 1995: 5). Human trafficking takes on many forms, not just sexual exploitation, and does not require crossing a border as its name suggests (UNODC 2016). While there are different types of traffickingShow MoreRelatedFemale Genital Mutilation : A Violation Of Human Rights1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines female genital mutilation (FGM) as â€Å"all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons.† There are four classifications of female genital mutilation: type I consists of the removal of the prepuce; type II is the removal of the clitoris and labia minora; type III is the removal of the external genitalia and the restrictingRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation: A Violation of Human Rights Essay3246 Words   |  13 PagesFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is an ancient traditional non-therapeutic surgical procedure that involves total or partial removal of the external parts of female genitalia. This paper aimed to define and classify FGM, identifies the prevalence, describes reasons for performing the practice, and concentrates on the problems associated to this practice with regard to women’s health, religious beliefs, and socio-cultural, behavioral and moral consequences. Researches and survey reports that the globalRead More Female Genital Mutilation: A Gross Violation of Human Rights4218 Words   |  17 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation (FGM) has often been viewed as a rite of passage for women in various countries within Africa, South America, the Middle East and Asia. However, due to societal norms and pressures, whether it based in culture or religion, forces women to partake in a practice that has serious health risks and takes away the rights of women who believe they have no other choice. The Universal Declaration of Human rights are applicable to all member states including most of the countriesRead MoreThe Contribution Of The Enlightenment Era1725 Words   |  7 Pagesand philosophy the idea of human rights was first introduced. Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke wrote articles regarding the role of the individual and the role the individual plays in society. They elaborated on how governments are supposed to respect and honor the inalienable human rights attained during birth. The ideas that were presented during this time period have continued to have an impact in today’s society and provide an understanding of how humans around the world, regardlessRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation And Wo men1250 Words   |  5 PagesBackground: Female Genital Mutilation refers to several manners of conducting operations of women and girls, involving the partial or total removal of external genitalia. This practice is considered a traditional practice amongst many people and communities throughout the world. While the practice has been ongoing for centuries it has been deemed a human rights violation on the grounds that it inflicts harm on females, including damaging them in a physChapter one: Introduction 1.1 Background: Female GenitalRead MoreFemale Circumcision Or Female Genital Mutilation1551 Words   |  7 PagesFemale circumcision or Female Genital mutilation is a term utilized to describe a wide range of traditional practices in relation to female circumcision. This study addresses the practice within the Maasai communities of Tanzania and Kenya, Africa. This study will address this practice by looking at the historical and cultural context of the people, procedure, the various beliefs in the world, and within the community. Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background: Female Genital Mutilation refersRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation : When A Cultural Practice Develops Clinical And Ethical Dilemmas861 Words   |  4 PagesGibeau, Anne M. 1998. Female Genital Mutilation: When a Cultural Practice Generates Clinical and Ethical Dilemmas. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic Neonatal Nursing 27 (1): 85-91. Female genital mutilation may be currently reaching a changing point in its history. It is a cultural practice that is considered to have long standing importance but female genital mutilation presents to most developed nations a need for education and a need to clarify ethical dilemmas regarding it. In most casesRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation Introduction Pain, shame, lack of ability to reproduce. Marie, who suffers from each of these symptoms, is one of the many women from Africa who have suffered from female genital mutilation. When Marie was only two years old, she had her clitoris and labia cut off. Since then, she has moved to New York yet is still suffering from the many consequences you get from female genital mutilation. Female genital mutilation, also known as FGM, is a very common procedure primarilyRead MoreFemale Circumsion1179 Words   |  5 Pagessituation where lives of people are put at risk. An eminent practice which is taken into attention is female genital mutilation. This writing shall discuss clashes between human rights and cultural relativism with my personal stance about these two ethical dilemmas. Female genital mutilation is considered as unlawful act by many people while in several cultures it is a common cultural practice. â€Å"Female circumcision is mainly carried out in western and southern Asia, the Middle East and large areasRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation And Women Essay2346 Words   |  10 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation in Egypt The term female genital mutilation or cutting refers to â€Å"all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genital or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons† (WHO, 4). The practice of female genital mutilation dates back over 2000 years ago, and is thought to have originated in Egypt as a sign of nobility. However, the practice now holds a deeply rooted inequality between the sexes and remains a severe form of discrimination

The Secret to Oprah Winfreys Success free essay sample

Haneefah Muhammad Manning English-10/Period: 1 16 May 2011 The Secret to One Of America’s Biggest Icons Success Everyone knows Oprah Winfrey, and there might be a lot of controversy about how Oprah became who she is today, and what all it took for her to become a billionaire. Oprah, one of America’s top icons went through many obstacles and struggles to become what she is today. Although, Oprah is very famous, and on the T. V. screen it appears like her life is easy, this essay can give you a look behind the scenes to see what she really had to overcome to get where she is today. Do you think that Oprah just luckily became one of America’s Icons, or that she had to work hard for it? There are probably many questions that can be asked about how Oprah became who she is. But, I’ll just say that Oprah’s childhood, social class, and her career aspirations are key to her success. When Oprah was born, the voyage to her success started which was January 29th, 1954. Oprah Gail Winfrey was born to Vernita Lee at age eighteen, and Vernon Winfrey who was the age of twenty. After Oprah’s birth, Vernita, Oprah’s mother had to find a job, so she moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Oprah then had to live with her grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee on her farm in Mississippi (Elizabeth). Vernita had the intentions of moving Oprah with her when she got a stable job. Meanwhile, Oprah’s grandmother encouraged her love for books and learning, and taught her how to read at the age of 3 and write by the age of 5. Oprah then began to preach at the church that she attended and read the Bible. Oprah lived her whole childhood in poverty, and did not have much of anything, but she always got the best of it. At one point Oprah even had pet roaces named Melinda and Sandy. One thing that Oprah says that probably made her stong and contributes to who she is today is to â€Å"Be thankful for what you have; youll end up having more. If you concentrate on what you dont have, you will never, ever have enough. † Later on, at age 6, Oprah moved with her mother, Vernita to Milwaukee, because her grandmother became ill. In the midst of Oprah living with her grandmother, Vernita had another girl named Patricia, which was Oprah’s half-sister. Oprah’s mother would spend most of her time with Patricia and didn’t really pay much attention to Oprah. A year later, Oprah moved with her father, Vernon, and her step-mother, Zelma in Nashville Tennessee. Vernon and Zelma were unable to have children, and loved for Oprah to stay with them. Oprah then went to Wharton Elementary School, and skipped a grade for the second time and was placed in third grade. She then began to preach again, and started speaking at the church that she currently attended in Nashville. After Oprah completed third grade she went back to Milwaukee to visit her mother, and her mother had another child, a boy named Jeffrey. In the fall, Vernon came to take Oprah back to Nashville, but she decided that she would stay with Vernita, and start the fourth grade there. Oprah was forced to share a room with her siblings, and did not care for her mother’s living. In Vernita’s absence, Oprah would resort to watching the television for companionship, and had her first thought to becoming well-known one day. This then marked the idea of Oprah becoming great, like she is today. At age 9, Oprah experienced sexual abuse, while her and her siblings were being watched by their older cousin, who was nineteen. She was molested, and then taken to go get ice-cream, so that she wouldn’t tell, which she didn’t. Later on Oprah was raped at her house by a family friend. Two years later, Oprah was molested again by her Uncle. Knowing, that sexual abuse really has an effect on people’s lives, and can traumatize them for life, Oprah kept her experiences with sexual abuse as an untold secret. Ms. Winfrey then attended Lincoln Middle School in downtown Milwaukee, and a teacher named Gene Abrams realized Oprah’s compassion and interest in books. Ms. Abrams then assisted Oprah in getting her into Nicolet High School, which was an all white school, in Glendale, Wisconsin. At Nicolet High School, Ms. Winfrey was the only African-American student, and Oprah is quoted saying, â€Å"In 1968 it was real hip to know a black person, so I was very popular. † Oprah was then getting a good education, and was on the road to being successful. Unfortunately, Vernita’s house Oprah was not receiving much guidance and aid, and was not able to talk to her mother about being sexually abused. So, Oprah resorted to acting out and not behaving well. Ms. Winfrey then began to start dating, skipping school, running away, being sexually active, and stealing from her mother. Vernita did not know how to cope and deal with this bad behavior, so she sent her back to Nashville to live with her father, and step-mother. At age 14, Oprah found out that she was pregnant, and would wear big clothes so that her parents would not find out about her pregnancy (Oprah Winfrey). She was able to hide the fact that she was pregnant until the seventh month. On the day that she told her father that she was pregnant, she went into labor, and delivered the baby (The Oprah Winfrey Biography). Oprah Winfrey gave girth to a baby boy, who was born early, and died two weeks after his birth. At age 16, Oprah started reading the autobiography of Maya Angelou, called I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Oprah said, and I quote, â€Å"I read it over and over, I had never read a book that validated my own existence. † Maya Angelou’s autobiography really related to Oprah Winfrey, and she started looking up to Maya Angelou, whom she got to meet later on in life, and became one of Oprah’s close friends (Metcalf). Ms. Winfrey then started to get her life back on track, and began concentrating on her education, and started to speak publicly again. In 1970, she won a college scholarship, from the Elk’s Club speaking competition, that would send her to school for four years for her hard work and talent. In 1971, Oprah was selected to be present at The White House Conference on Youth in Colorado, so that she and one other student could represent Tennessee and its education. When she returned to Nashville, she was interviewed by WVOL Radio Station. The radio station later asked Oprah to represent their station, and participate in a beauty pageant, called the Miss Fire Prevention. She then won the competition, and was the first African American to ever win this contest (Cassandra). After winning this contest, WVOL presented her with a chance to hear her voice on tape. Oprah’s talent then got her a part-time position in being a newsreader. At the age of 17, Oprah completed her senior year, and continued speaking on the radio. In 1988, Oprah established her own talk show called the Oprah Winfrey Show, and has her own magazine (Vernita). In conclusion, today, Oprah continues to work diligently in her work. Ms. Winfrey is a talk show host, producer, narrator, and one of the few African American billionaires. Ms. Winfrey is also a very charitable person. Oprah has starred in movies, donated to the community, and even established a girl’s school in South Africa. On January 1, 2011, Oprah aired her first shows on the OWN network, Oprah’s own cable channel. Oprah Winfrey’s last show will be aired on May 25th, 2011. Oprah Gail Winfrey is truly a shining example of someone who can become so great and accomplished so many goals, not to have anything as a child, and to go through so much. As we can see, Oprah’s childhood, social class, and career aspirations are key to her success today. Works Cited â€Å"Oprah Winfrey Biography†, 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. â€Å"Oprah Winfrey. † Academy of Achievement, 21 Oct. 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. Fry, Elizabeth. â€Å"A Childhood Biography of Oprah Winfrey. † About. com, 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. Lane, Vernetta. â€Å"Oprah Winfrey†, 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. Metcalf, Stephen. â€Å"Oprah’s Biography. † Slate Magazines, 20 May 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. Nelson, Cassandra. â€Å"Oprah Winfrey’s official biography†, Jan. 2011. Web. 14 Apr. 2011.

Marijuana Essays (1789 words) - Entheogens, Euphoriants,

Marijuana Marijuana Special Report: CLAIM FOUR: Marijuana causes long-term changes in the brain similar to those seen with other drugs of abuse . . . Back in the 1970s, animal experiments led to groundless fears that marijuana blew holes in brain tissue. The experiments organisations like NIDA now fund are more sophisticated but the controversy still rages. George Koob, an addiction researcher from The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, claims the new message from the animals is simple: The more we discover about the neurobiology of addiction the more common elements we're seeing between THC (tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active ingredient in cannabis) and other drugs of abuse. And for Koob, one of these newly discovered common elements is marijauna's ability to trigger chemical changes in the brain that lead to strong withdrawal symptoms. In humans, some researchers claim to see clear evidence of insomnia, anxiety and even flu-like symptoms in heavy cannabis users who abstain. But if there's a consensus, it's that symptoms are mild and variable. By contrast, Koob's rats are shivering wrecks. Does this mean marijuana is more addictive than we think? Not a bit of it, says Roger Pertwee, a university pharmacologist and president of the Cannabinoid Research Society. That's because those symptoms aren't so much observed as manufactured. The animals are injected with high doses of THC, then injected with a second chemical to block cannabis receptors in the brain. Without the block, the sharp withdrawal symptoms can't be seen because cannabis clears so slowly that even heavily doped rats are likely to experience a gentle wind down. Another debate rages over animal studies into the short-term effects of marijuana on brain chemistry. Heroin, cocaine, alcohol and nicotine all trigger a surge in the chemical dopamine in a small midbrain structure called the nucleus accumbens. Many researchers regard this as a hallmark of an addictive substance. Last year, experiments showed that cannabis presses the same dopamine button in rats, leading to claims that the drug must be more addictive than previously thought. To critics, it is just another example of those old exaggerated fears. What nobody tells you, says John Morgan, a pharmacologist at City University of New York Medical School, is that rats don't like cannabis. It's easy for them to get hooked on heroin or cocaine -- but not marijuana. Nor, Morgan claims, are researchers exactly open about awkward observations, such as the fact that there are plenty of nonaddictive drugs that stimulate dopamine in the brain. It's easy to understand why biologists want to find simple chemical traits that are shared by all addictive drugs. Unfortunately, the differences are as important as the similarities when it comes to weighing the relative risks and pleasures involved in taking drugs. And subjectively at least, the intense rush of cocaine and orgasm-like high of heroin have little in common with dope's subtler effects. A compound related to the active ingredient in marijuana may be accumulating in the spinal fluid of people with schizophrenia. This might explain why many sufferers smoke pot. Many researchers blame schizophrenia on an overactive dopamine system in the brain. Daniele Piomelli and colleagues at the University of California at Irvine already knew that making rats? dopamine receptors hyperactive caused a surge in anandamide, a lipid that binds to the same receptors in the brain as marijuana. Now Piomelli?s group has examined cerebrospinal fluid from 10 schizophrenic patients, taken for diagnostic purposes at the Medical College of Hannover in Germany. They found that fluid from schizophrenic patients had on average twice as much anandamide as fluid from people who didn?t have schizophrenia (NeuroReport, vol 10, p 1665). One explanation for the higher levels in schizophrenics is that the brain is attempting to compensate for a hyperactive dopamine system. ?It?s the brain?s response to bring this dopamine activity down,? says Piomelli. But the brain cannot keep the amount of anandamide high enough to lower dopamine levels, he says. This might also explain why schizophrenics often smoke marijuana. The drug?s active agent, THC, and anandamide both bind to the same receptor, so patients might be treating themselves, he says. But because pot does not act selectively in the brain, Piomelli does not consider it a useful treatment